Chest radiography evaluation in patients admitted with confirmed COVID-19 infection, in a resource limited South African isolation hospital

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the subsequent global outbreak (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) was declared a public health emergency in January 2020. Recent radiologic literature regarding COVID-19 has primarily focused on Computed Tomography (CT) chest findings, with chest radiography lacking in comparison. Objectives: To describe the demographic profile of adult patients with COVID-19 pneumonia requiring hospital admission. To describe and quantify the imaging spectrum on chest radiography using a severity index, and to correlate the severity of disease with prognosis. Method: Retrospective review of chest radiographs and laboratory records in patients admitted to a South African tertiary hospital with confirmed COVID-19 infection. The chest X-rays were systematically reviewed for several radiographic features, which were then quantified using the Brixia scoring system, and correlated to the patient's outcome. Results: A total of 175 patients (mean age: 53.34 years) admitted with COVID-19 were included. Ground glass opacification (98.9%), consolidation (86.3%), and pleural effusion (29.1%) was commonly found. Involvement of bilateral lung fields (96.6%) with no zonal predominance (61.7%), was most prevalent. Correlation between the Brixia score and outcome was found between severe disease and death (odds ratio [OR]: 12.86; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.58­104.61). Many patients had unknown TB (71.4%) and HIV (72.6%) statuses. Conclusion: In this study population, ground glass opacification, consolidation, and pleural effusions, with bilateral lung involvement and no zonal predominance were the most prevalent findings in proven COVID-19 infection. Quantification using the Brixia scoring system may assist with timeous assessment of disease severity in COVID-19 positive patients, as an overall predicator of clinical outcome.

Diagnostic clinicoradiographique de la tuberculose pulmonaire et résistance à la rifampicine au Tchad / Clinicoradiographic diagnosis of pulm onary tuberculosis and resistance to rifampicin in Chad

Objectif.La tuberculose pulmonaire (TBP)continue d'être une cause majeure de morbidité et de mortalité dans le monde. La présente étude consistaità évaluer le diagnostic clinique de la radiographie pulmonaire et la résistance à la rifampicine, des patients admis en urgence et suspect de TBP dans l'Hôpital provincial de Bongor. Population et méthodes. Nous avons effectué une étude prospective observationnelledans le service des urgences de l'Hôpital provincial de Bongorde janvier à décembre 2021. Tous les patients suspects de tuberculose et acceptant de participer à cette étude étaient éligibles. La radiographie pulmonaire et le GeneXpert MTB/RIF ontservi d'outils pourdiagnostiquer et tester la sensibilité de la tuberculose à la rifampicine. Les données recueillies ont été saisies et analysées à l'aide Le logiciel IBM SPSS Statistics version 22. Résultats. Parmi les484 patientsqui ont été inclus dans cette étude, 80 avaient une tuberculose pulmonaire dont 53 (66,25%) hommes et 27 (33,75%) femmes.L'âge moyen des patients était de 43,33 ± 15,35 ans; la médiane était de 43,5 ans avec des extrêmes de 10 et 73 ans. Àla radiographie, les infiltrats représentaient 50 (62,50%)es cas,suivis des cavernes 30 (37,50%). Par ailleurs, 51 cas (63,75%) étaient sensibles à la rifampicine et 29 (36,25%) résistants.Conclusion. La progression de la tuberculose avec la résistance à la rifampicine est une situation préoccupante dans la Province du Mayo-Kébbi/Est

Objective. Tuberculosis is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The present study was aimed to report the clinical diagnosis of chest X-ray and resistance to rifampicin, of patients admitted urgently and suspected of TBP in the Provincial Hospital of Bongor. Population and methods. We conducted a prospective observational in the Emergency Department in the Provincial Hospital of Bongor study from January to December 2021. All patients suspected of tuberculosis and agreeing to participate inthis study were eligible. Chest x-ray and GeneXpert MTB/RIF were used to diagnose and test the susceptibility of tuberculosis to rifampicin. The data were entered and analyzed using software IBM SPSS Statistics version 22. Results. Out of484 patients who were included in this study, 80 had pulmonary tuberculosis, including 53 (66.25%) men and 27 (33.75%) women. The average age of the patients was 43.33 ± 15.35 years; the median was 43.5 years with extremes of 10 and 73 years. On chest x-ray, infiltrates accounted for 50 (62.50%) of the cases followed by caverns 30 (37.50%). Moreover, 51 (63.75%) were sensitiveto rifampicin and 29 (36.25%) resistant. Conclusion: The increase in tuberculosis with resistance to rifampicin is a worrying situation in the Province of Mayo-Kébbi/Est

Qualité des demandes d'examens radiologiques: à propos de 552 demandes évaluées par des radiologues

Objectifs : Evaluer la qualité des demandes d'examens radiologiques. Matériels et méthodes : Il s'est agi d'une étude transversale descriptive réalisée dans le service de radiologie du CHU Campus du 1er août au 15 août 2015. Résultats : Au cours de la période d'étude, nous avons colligé 144 demandes d'examens de tomodensitométrie (26,1%) et 408 demandes d'examens de radiographie (73,9%). Les demandeurs étaient des médecins spécialistes dans 25% des cas (102 examens) pour la radiographie et 19,4% des cas (28 examens) pour la tomodensitométrie. Les demandeurs d'examen de radiographie étaient des rhumatologues dans 8,8% des cas (36 examens) et aucun urologue n'avait demandé un examen de radiographie ; les demandeurs d'examen de tomodensitométrie étaient des neurologues dans 19,4% des cas (28 examens) et aucun gynécologue ni pédiatre n'avait demandé un examen de tomodensitométrie. Les demandes sans question et les demandes sans retour étaient les deux principaux types de demandes observés. L'âge et le sexe des patients n'avaient pas été précisés respectivement dans 4,4% (18 cas) et 2,9% (12 cas) des demandes d'examen de radiographie. Les résultats d'examens para-cliniques pouvant être utiles à l'interprétation et au compte-rendu radiologique manquaient sur 384 cas (94,1%) des demandes d'examens de radiographie et sur 140 cas (97,2 %) des demandes d'examens de tomodensitométrie. Sur les demandes d'examen de radiographie, le demandeur ne pouvait être identifié par son nom dans 78 cas (19,1%) et le motif de demande était précisé dans 402 cas (98,5 %) ; sur les demandes d'examen de tomodensitométrie, le demandeur ne pouvait être identifié par un numéro de téléphone dans 96 cas (66,7%). Conclusion : Les demandes d'examen radiologiques sont établies de manière incomplète. L'exercice radiologique suppose cependant une obligation de moyens, avec sérieux, prudence et réflexion

Profil à l'imagerie par résonnance magnétique (IRM) des lésions traumatiques du genou avec radiographie normale

Objectifs : A travers cette étude, nous envisageons effectuer un panorama des lésions découvertes à l'IRM chez les traumatisés du genou à radiographie standard normale. Matériels et méthode : Etude descriptive transversale réalisée sur une période de 28 mois portant sur 211 patients traumatisés du genou ayant une radiographie standard normale, adressés pour une IRM du genou. Résultats : Sur les 211 dossiers, nous avons colligés 80 cas de lésions soit 38,1% avec une prédominance masculine (sex ratio 1,6). Les atteintes rencontrées par ordre de fréquence étaient : méniscales (55,9%), ligaments croisés (37%), ligaments collatéraux (18%), rétinacula (13%), appareil extenseur (8,6%), contusion osseuse (20%) ; épanchement articulaire (66,7). Ces lésions étaient dominées par des lésions du compartiment médial du genou avec en chef de file l'atteinte du ménisque médial suivi des atteintes du LCA. Les atteintes du ménisque médial sont souvent aussi associées à celles du ligament collatéral médial (LCM). Conclusion : Au terme de ce travail, nous pouvons affirmer que l'IRM a permis de déterminer un nombre non négligeable de lésions ménisco-ligamentaires et osseuses non visibles en radiographie standard montrant les limites de cette dernière

Infection control recommendations for radiology departments in Malawi

Background: Guidelines for radiographers contain recommendations related to standard infection control precautions for healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) which are a major cause of mortality and morbidity in hospital settings. However, the implementation of these recommendations has proven to be a challenge in the Malawian radiology departments, as there are no national guidelines or radiology policies for infection control.Aim: This article outlines the development of infection control recommendations that could facilitate sound knowledge and practices of radiographers regarding infection control.Setting: Radiology departments in hospitals in Malawi.Methods: The recommendations were developed based on data from a questionnaire that measured the knowledge and practices of 62 radiographers regarding infection control as well as data from the literature. The Florence Nightingale environmental theory was used as the conceptual framework for the recommendations, while its development was based on steps of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. For the format of the draft recommendations, an adapted version of the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II tool was used.Results: Issues identified from the responses to the questionnaire and literature resulted in seven sets of recommendations: hand hygiene, personal hygiene, personal protective gear and the use of appropriate equipment, safe handling of sharps and sharp containers, decontamination and cleaning, housekeeping and routine infection control practices.Conclusions: The recommendations can be further reviewed and implemented to improve the implementation of infection control and to reduce HAIs in resource-constrained settings

A radiographic criteria checklist to determine reasons for errors, resulting in sub-optimal routine shoulder projections

Background: Optimal shoulder images must adhere to specific radiographic criteria before they are sent to the radiologist for reporting. Repeat x-rays of the shoulder may increase radiation exposure to the patient. Aim: The aims of this study were to determine whether images adhered to the required radiographic criteria for routine shoulder imaging and to identify possible reasons for non-adherence. Setting: The study was conducted at an imaging department at a tertiary academic hospital in Bloemfontein, South Africa. Methods: A criteria checklist compiled from literature was used to evaluate 578 routine shoulder images including anteroposterior (AP) with external rotation and lateral-Y (LAT-Y) projections. The checklist determined whether the shoulder images adhered to the criteria with regard to the anatomy included, positioning and technical factors, such as inclusion of the correct anatomical lead marker. Data were analysed using SAS Version 9.2 statistical software. Results: More than 80% of the AP external rotation images included unnecessary anatomical structures owing to incorrect centring. In four out of seven criteria pertaining to positioning for AP external rotation imaging, at least 70% of images were performed incorrectly. Four-sided collimation was not present in more than 50% of both AP external rotation and LAT-Y images because of incorrect centring, while more than 30% of shoulder images presented with anatomical digital markers. Conclusion: The application of criteria required for shoulder imaging must be addressed at the participating imaging department to improve overall patient care. An in-service training session is recommended to enhance the radiographic technique with regard to routine shoulder projections

The use of clickers to evaluate radiographer's knowledge of shoulder images

Background: Conducting research can be daunting, although applicable methods can facilitate the process. A study was performed at an imaging department pertaining to the routine shoulder projections, namely the anteroposterior (AP) external rotation and lateral-Y (LAT-Y) projections. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine if radiographers (qualified, supplementary, community service) and student radiographers (second-year diploma, third-year diploma, second-year bachelor) use the radiographic evaluation criteria to evaluate the routine shoulder projections. Setting: The study was conducted at an imaging department in the Free State province, SouthAfrica. Methods: Participants had to complete a survey by means of a questionnaire that was compiled in Microsoft Excel and converted to an audience response system known as clickers. The questions addressed aspects of shoulder imaging with regard to positioning, exposure factors and the evaluation of routine shoulder projections. The data were analysed separately using statistics software SAS Version 9.2. Fisher's exact test was used to determine statistically significant differences between students and radiographers. Results: More than 80% of students selected the AP (external rotation) X-ray image demonstrating optimal milliamperage per second whereas 43% of radiographers selected the correct image. More than 50% of radiographers and students indicated that a breathing technique and a short exposure time reduce motion during shoulder imaging. Conclusion: Using clickers eased the process of testing the participants' knowledge, and the results were available immediately after completion of the test. Clickers can contribute to and expedite the process of data analysis

Design-based research for the development of a flexible learning environment

Background: Students enrolled for the Bachelor of Radiography degree at the Central University of Technology Free State in Bloemfontein, South Africa, spent many weeks off campus at hospitals during workplace learning. A design-based research approach was applied to analyse an educational problem, namely that students apparently fail to apply the theory of radiation safety regulations to protect themselves and patients. Aims: The purpose of the study was to develop authentic activities and assessment for radiation safety requirements, to provide flexible learning in a blended environment to students off campus. Setting: The second-year radiography students of 2016 and 2017 responded off campus to the QuestionPro survey. Method: Authentic learning and assessment opportunities were contextualised and compiled to align with learning outcomes of the safety regulations as confirmed during a Delphi process. Flexible learning opportunities were delivered via electronic mail (email) and WhatsApp. Assessment responses from the students were received via mobile phones with a Web-based software tool, QuestionPro. Results: Of the 117 students, 92.3% responded to the QuestionPro survey. From the incorrect responses, learning areas that needed revision were identified, as well as the areas in the X-ray departments of the hospitals showing non-compliance with the requirements for radiation safety. Conclusion: The three outcomes of this design-based research included the formulation of design principles, a designed product in the form of a Website and professional development of the researcher. The design-based research principles that were tested involved the use of knowledge in real life and measuring if students were effective performers with acquired knowledge

Apport de l'angioscanner thoracique dans le diagnostic de l'embolie Pulmonaire dans le service de radiologie et de medecine nucleaire du chu du Point ≪g≫

Objectif : Le but de ce travail était de préciser l'apport de l'angioscanner thoracique dans le diagnostic de l'embolie pulmonaire. Matériel et méthodes : il s'agissait d'une étude prospective de huit (8) mois dans le service de radiologie et de médecine nucléaire du CHU du point «G». Elle a porté sur 77 patients suspects d'embolie pulmonaire et a consisté en la réalisation d'un angioscanner thoracique en urgence précédée par celle d'un cliché du thorax de face. Les embolies pulmonaires ont été classées selon l'index de Qanadli. Résultats : L'âge moyen de nos patients était de 52 ans avec des extrêmes de 23 ans et 85ans. La tranche d'âge de 55-64 ans était prédominante. Selon le score révisé de Genève, la probabilité clinique était faible dans 8,9% des cas, modérée dans 28,9% des cas et forte dans 62,33% des cas. Une anomalie était notée sur la radiographie du thorax de face dans 92,2% (71/77) des cas.L'angioscanner thoracique a mis en évidence un embole intravasculaire dans 58,44% (45/77).L'embole siégeait dans le tronc d'une artère lobaire dans 57,78% et le côté droit était le plus touché.Parmi les conséquences cardiovasculaires, la dilatation du tronc de l'artère pulmonaire prédominait dans 42,22% des cas. Selon l'index de Qanadli, la gravité de l'embolie pulmonaire était modérée (53,33%), sévère (35,56%) et massive (11,11%). Conclusion : l'angioscanner est dans notre contexte le meilleur examen pour le diagnostic de l'embolie pulmonaire. Il nous a permis de faire le diagnostic positif, topographique et de préciser la gravité de l'embolie pulmonaire

Apport de la radiographie conventionnelle dans les traumatismes de l'extrémité supérieure du fémur et du bassin de l'adulte dans un hôpital de district au Togo

Objectifs : Etablir le profil épidémiologique des traumatisés, répertorier et décrire les caractéristiques des lésions visibles à la radiologie conventionnelle. Matériels et méthodologie : Il s'est agi d'une étude prospective et analytique de 12 mois (mai 2010 à avril 2011) concernant l'analyse radiographique de 302 examens de la hanche ou du bassin traumatique de l'adulte, colligés dans un service de radiologie d'un centre hospitalier préfectoral. Résultats : Il était noté une prédominance masculine avec sex-ratio 2,6. L'âge moyen des patients était de 60 ans avec des extrêmes de 18 à 95.Les accidents de la voie publique (AVP) dans 60,26% constituaient les plus fréquentes circonstances de survenue des lésions dont la fréquence était de 39,40 %.La radiographie du bassin de face en position couchée (100%), le profil urétral (25%),) et le profil chirurgical d'Arcelin (2,3%) ont été réalisés. Les lésions répertoriées étaient les fractures trochantériennes (40,33 %), les fractures cervicales (30,25 %), les fractures du cotyle (15,9 %) et les luxations (13,44 %). Au niveau du massif trochantérien, les traits de fractures étaient obliques (33,33%), multi-fragmentaires (25%), spiroïdes(22,91%). Au niveau du cotyle les traits dominants étaient obliques (42, 21%) et transversales (36,84 %) . Les fractures du col étaient classées en Garden I (20%), Garden II (,4%), Garden III (48%) et Garden IV (28 %). Les luxations postérieures étaient prédominantes dans 68,75% vs 31,25% de formes antérieures. Conclusion La radiographie conventionnelle reste est un outil de diagnostic indispensable et incontournable dans l'exploration de la pathologie traumatique de la hanche dans les situations d'urgence surtout en milieu rural où font défaut les moyens d'imagerie en coupe et les mains qualifiées

Aspects radiologiques de la polyarthrite rhumatoide au Bénin

Objectif :préciser les caractéristiques radiologiques des poignets et des mains dans la polyarthrite rhumatoïde au Centre National Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cotonou. Patients et méthode :Etude rétrospective à visée descriptive portant sur des dossiers médicaux de patients hospitalisés dans le service de rhumatologie du CNHU de Cotonou et présentant une polyarthrite rhumatoïde sur la base des critères de l'ACR 1987 entre janvier 1997 et Décembre 2011. Nous avons analysé les lésions radiologiques des poignets et des mains à l'aide du score de Larsen. Résultats :Sur 6450 patients hospitalisés dans la période, 53 présentaient une PR, soit 0.8%. La sex-ratio était de 0,38. L'âge moyen des patients était 42,39±8,3 [14-71] ans. 70,6% des patients présentaient des déformations caractéristiques de la PR et plus de la moitié des patients avait un score de Larsen supérieur à 40. Conclusion :Les lésions radiologiques de la PR font la gravité de la maladie. L'absence de traitement bloquant la progression radiologique de cette maladie en Afrique, pose un réel problème éthique. Il conviendra donc de faire un plaidoyer auprès des décideurs politico-administratifs pour rendre disponible la biothérapie

Apport de l'echographie dans le diagnostic des tumeurs du pancreas au service de radiologie du CHU du Point G

But : Montrer l'interet de l'echographie dans le diagnostic des tumeurs pancreatiques dans le service de radiologie et de medecine nucleaire de CHU du Point G. Patients et methodes : Etude transversale dans ce service de Mai 2008 a Avril 2009. Ont ete inclus dans l'etude tous les malades adresses au service de radiologie pour une echographie dans le cadre d'une suspicion clinique de tumeur du pancreas. Resultats : Pendant la periode d'etude nous avons collige 15 cas de tumeur pancreatique ayant represente 0;33% des echographies effectuees. L'age moyen des patients etait 58 ans. Le sex-ratio etait 2 en faveur des hommes. Les principaux signes cliniques retrouves etaient: hepatomegalie (66;7%); ictere (41;2%); prurit (30;5%) et l'anorexie (72;73%). L'echographie abdomino-pelvienne a montre une masse pancreatique dans 90% des cas et le scanner dans 90;5% des cas. La tumeur pancreatique pose encore un defi aux praticiens en raison de son diagnostic tardif. Bien que la derivation biliaire puisse ameliorer la qualite de vie des malades; le pronostic de la tumeur pancreatique reste globalement sombre. Conclusion : L'echographie dans le diagnostic de la tumeur du pancreas; permet de preciser le siege de la tumeur; d'evaluer son extension locale et locoregionale ainsi que son retentissement sur les voies biliopancreatiques

Local Reference Dose Level Evaluation in Chest Radiography in Yaounde

Purpose: Patient radiation doses encountered during conventional X-ray examinations are not exactly known.This study aims to realize a radiation dose audit for chest posterior-anterior (PA) and chest lateral (LAT) examinations;analyze the procedures and establish local diagnostic reference level (LDRL).Method: A total number of 882 radiographs of 715 patients from seven selected hospitals in Yaounde were considered in this work.Entrance surface dose (ESD) ofadult patients undergoing chest PA and chest LAT examinations is estimated; using a mathematical algorithm and a standard backscatter factor.Results: Estimated mean ESDs in the hospitals range from 0.28 to 0.73mGy for chest PA and from 0.39 to 2.08 mGy for chest LAT. For each projection there is a wide variation in patientsESD within hospitals for individual patients and between hospitals.The third quartile ESD value 0.39 mGy for chest PA examinations was found to be above both the Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs)reported from similar studies in some African countries and the international established DRLs; while the value 1.33 mGy obtained for chest LAT was within the established international DRLs.Conclusion:The major contribution to the high dose has been identified in the use of shorter focus-film distance (FFD) and higher charge (mAs). Other factors are boththeabsence of quality control and the equipment performance.This study shows the need of the implementation of protocol and technics that can reduce patient dose and regular quality control and quality assurance

Anatomie endodontique de la deuxième molaire mandibulaire: à propos de 5 cas

La découverte, l'alésage et l'obturation de tous les canaux radiculaires sont le concept essentiel de l'endodontie moderne. Les variations anatomiques, ainsi que le nombre des canaux et des racines, rendent cet exercice difficile. En 1989, Weine rapporte que la deuxième molaire mandibulaire est le siège du plus grand nombre de variations anatomiques que toutes les autres dents. Leurs racines apparaissent fusionnées arborant fréquemment une morphologie canalaire en C. Plusieurs cas cliniques de deuxième molaire mandi-bulaire présentant des configurations anatomiques différentes traitées endodontiquement font l'objet de ce travail

Utility of Routine Chest Radiographs in Kenya

Background: Many otherwise healthy Kenyans are required to obtain chest radiographs as part of routine medical examination to exclude pulmonary TB; a condition of significant public health concern. Many of these people are required to have these radiographs taken yearly as part of routine check-up. No local data is available to support this practice. Though a quick procedure to perform and readily available throughout the country; chest radiograph exposes the individual to a dose of ionising radiation. Ionising radiation is associated with increased risk of malignancy. The cost is also substantial. Objective: To determine the prevalence of radiological findings consistent with PTB among routine medical examination chest radiographs. Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study. Settings: Department of Radiology Kenyatta National Hospital;Department of Imaging and Radiation Medicine; University of Nairobi; Plaza Imaging Solutions; a private radiology practice in Nairobi and Department of Radiology; the Nairobi Hospital. Subjects: Four hundred and two chest radiographs of patients presenting for routine medical examinations were analysed. Results: Sixty three radiographs had abnormal but clinically insignificant findings (16). Only one radiograph (0.25). Only one radiograph (0.25) had radiological features of PTB. The rest were reported as normal (84). Conclusion: In this study; the diagnostic yield for the intended purpose (to include/ exclude PTB) was extremely low (0.25). It is recommended that routine chest radiographs as screening tools for active pulmonary tuberculosis be reconsidered due to poor diagnostic yield. The authors propose a bigger nation wide study before a policy decision can be proposed

The Profile of Indications for Radiography in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Universitas Academic Hospital; Bloemfontein

Introduction. Radiography is a key diagnostic tool in paediatric care. A pro-active approach (including the use of radiography) is required to ensure effective management of these patients. Taking into account the widely documented harmful effects of ionising radiation and the small organ masses of neonates; the number of radiographs that neonates receive during hospital admission is of particular concern. A reduction in radiation exposure tailored to specific indications would be advantageous. The aim of this study was therefore to establish a profile of indications for radiographs in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Universitas Academic Hospital; Bloemfontein; South Africa.Methods. A retrospective; descriptive study was conducted over a 1-month period (8 September - 8 October 2010). Information was obtained from the online Medi-Tech system used to request radiographs.Results. A total of 469 radiographs were performed on 51 neonates. Twenty-seven male and 24 female neonates received 226 (48.2) and 243 (51.8) radiographs; respectively. The radiographs were classified into routine (91.9) and urgent (8.1). Chest radiographs were requested most frequently (59.5). The most commonly recorded indication was prematurity (37.1); followed by respiratory-related indications (28.5). The highest number of radiographs performed on a single neonate was 46. Conclusions. All radiographs were requested online; supporting the validity of the study with regard to the number of radiographs performed and their respective indications. A representative profile of indications was successfully obtained; which can assist with the implementation of further research on the stratification of radiation exposure according to indications for radiographs

The Frequency of Various Indications for Plain Chest Radiography in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi (Nauth)

Background: With soaring advances in the field of medicine; the place of older radiologic imaging modalities is being reduced to basic screening tools. Yet the modern imaging modalities like computerized tomography (CT); magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); ultrasound and nuclear medicine are hardly available.Study Objectives: To study the frequency of various indications of plain chest radiography; remind us of its uses and to enhance the preparedness of the department to maximally accomplish the ideals of this investigation.Methodology: A total of 1476 consecutive patients for chest radiography in the department of radiology; NAUTH; Nnewi from the period of February 2009 and whose request form contain adequate data were recruited for this study. These data were analyzed using SSPS.Results: A total of 1476 patient were included in this study. There was female preponderance with male to female ratio of 1.3:1. Mean Age of the patients is 39.32 years (std19.56). The most frequent indication for chest radiography is certain infections and parasitic diseases (40.9 and the greatest source of referral for this study is General outpatient (GOPD)/family medicine department.Conclusion: The most frequent indications for chest radiography in the study are certain infection and parasitic diseases. Chest Radiography is the most frequent plain radiography study in our environment where infectious diseases are still very rampant. This makes chest radiography an important study for screening patient for possible diagnosis and classifying the need for further radiographic investigation of our patients